Adoption is a statutory procedure whereby a child legally becomes the offspring of the adoptive parents, while the bond with the biological parents is terminated.
Meaning of adoption
Adoption means that a child officially becomes the child of the adoptive parents. This entails:
- The child has the same rights as a biological child
- The legal relationship with the original parents is severed
- The child may take the family name of the adoptive parents
- The child becomes an heir of the adoptive parents
Types of adoption
| Category | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| International adoption | Child comes from another country |
| Domestic adoption | Child of Dutch origin is adopted |
| Stepparent adoption | Partner adopts the child of his/her partner |
| Adoption of adults | An adult is adopted |
Conditions for adoption
Dutch legislation has strict rules for adoption:
- Adoptive parents must be at least 18 years older than the child
- The child is usually a minor (with exceptions)
- The child must have lived with the adoptive parents for at least 1 year
- Adoption must be clearly in the best interests of the child
- No future bond with the biological parents may be expected
Steps in the procedure
- Information and preparation phase (for international adoption via the Adoption Services Foundation)
- Filing a request with the court
- Investigation by the Child Care and Protection Board
- The judge hears all parties involved (including the child from age 12)
- The judge rules on the adoption
Consent requirements
For adoption, approval is required from:
- The biological parents (if they have parental authority)
- The child itself, from age 12
- The partner of the adopter, if relevant
May single persons adopt?
Yes, single persons can adopt in the Netherlands. For international adoptions, however, additional conditions may apply from the country of origin. Dutch legislation permits this.Is it possible to undo an adoption?
In very rare cases, an adoption may be revoked. This can only be done at the request of the child or the adoptive parents and is only permitted by the judge in exceptional circumstances.Does the child maintain contact with the biological parents?
This varies per case. In an open adoption, contact is possible; in a closed adoption, it is not. Nowadays, a form of open adoption with limited contact is often chosen.Frequently asked questions about adoption in Westland
How long does an adoption process take on average?
An adoption process usually takes between 6 and 12 months, depending on the type of adoption. International adoptions can take longer due to additional formalities and procedures abroad. The investigation by the Child Care and Protection Board and the handling by the court play a major role in the duration. Ensure complete documentation to avoid delays.
What are the costs associated with adoption?
The costs vary by type of adoption. For domestic adoption, costs range between €1,500 and €5,000, mainly for legal and investigation procedures. International adoption often costs between €10,000 and €30,000 due to travel and translation costs. Stepparent adoption is cheaper, around €1,000-€3,000. Inquire with the Child Care and Protection Board or an adoption agency for current costs.
Can I adopt if I already have my own children?
Yes, that is possible. The law sets no limit on the number of children in a family. However, it is examined whether the adoption is in the interests of all children in the family. The Child Care and Protection Board checks whether there are sufficient resources and space. Involve your own children in the process to gauge their support.
What if the biological parents do not give consent?
If the biological parents with parental authority do not give consent, the judge may substitute it. This only happens in cases of serious neglect or if the child has lived with the adoptive parents for a long time. The child's best interests take precedence. Parental opposition can delay and complicate the process.
Does the child automatically get the surname of the adoptive parents?
No, this is not standard. Upon adoption, you can choose whether the child takes the surname of the adoptive parents or retains the original name. This choice is recorded when filing the petition.
Contact and support in Westland
For legal questions about adoption, you can go to the Legal Counter Westland. The District Court of The Hague handles cases in this district. Ensure you are well informed about local procedures and options.