Cybercrime encompasses criminal offenses committed via the internet or computers. This includes hacking, phishing, ransomware, and identity theft. In the digital world, specific laws and penalties apply.
Types of cybercrime
Hacking (unlawful access to computer systems)
Unauthorized intrusion into a system falls under Article 138ab of the Criminal Code (Sr). The penalty can amount to 2 years' imprisonment, or 4 years if data is copied.
Phishing
Obtaining personal data such as login codes through fake messages or websites. This is punishable as fraud (Article 326 Sr) and may be linked to unlawful access to computer systems.
Ransomware
Blocking files through encryption and demanding ransom. This is regarded as extortion (Article 317 Sr) together with unlawful access to computer systems.
DDoS attacks
Rendering websites or servers unusable through overloading. This falls under the intentional disruption of systems (Article 138b Sr).
Online child pornography
The production, distribution, or possession of child pornography (Article 240b Sr). Penalties range from 4 to 8 years' imprisonment, depending on the case.
Maximum penalties
- Unlawful access to computer systems (hacking): 2-4 years
- Internet fraud: 4 years
- Extortion via ransomware: 9 years
- Identity theft: 5 years
Investigation methods
The police have a specialized unit for cybercrime, the Team High Tech Crime. They can request IP addresses, conduct digital investigations, and collaborate with international authorities.
Importance of digital evidence
In cybercrime cases, digital evidence is essential, such as log files, chat logs, and metadata. A lawyer can test this evidence for reliability and legality.
Frequently asked questions about cybercrime in Westland
What to do in case of hacking or a data breach?
Report it immediately to the police or via the digital reporting point. Change all passwords, especially for important accounts such as banking. Preserve evidence such as screenshots and, if necessary, engage an IT specialist. Contact your bank in case of possible financial damage.
How do I recognize phishing and what should I do?
You recognize phishing by urgent language, suspicious links, or unknown senders. Always check the email address and do not click on links. Report it to Fraudehelpdesk.nl and delete the message. If in doubt, contact the official authority via their own channels.
Is possessing hacking software punishable?
Yes, possession of tools intended for unlawful access to computer systems (Article 138ab Sr) is punishable, even without use. This also applies to software for DDoS attacks. Be cautious with downloading or sharing such items.
Can my company report ransomware?
Yes, reporting is important, even if you pay the ransom. The police can help track down the perpetrators. Preserve all communication and engage an expert for system recovery. Report via the police or online.
How does digital evidence work in court cases?
Digital evidence such as IP addresses and chat history is collected by police or IT experts. It must comply with legal standards. A lawyer can challenge the evidence if it was not obtained lawfully.