Secondary victimization refers to the additional harm victims suffer due to the way they are treated after an incident. An empathetic and professional approach is crucial to prevent this.
Definition of Secondary Victimization
Secondary victimization, also known as renewed victimhood, arises when victims have negative experiences during the handling of their case or in interaction with service providers.
Types of Secondary Victimization
| Source | Examples | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Insurance companies | Skepticism, delays, minimizing complaints | Frustration, stress, sense of injustice |
| Employers | Pressure to work, dismissal, intimidation | Financial uncertainty, social isolation |
| Doctors | Not being taken seriously, incorrect diagnoses | Worsening of complaints, loss of trust |
| Social circle | Lack of understanding, blame, exclusion | Loneliness, mental health issues |
| Justice system | Prolonged procedures, harsh interrogations, disbelief | Exhaustion, re-experiencing trauma |
Causes within the Insurance Sector
The personal injury industry often receives criticism for practices that lead to secondary victimization.
Common Problems
Typical Complaints
- Prolonged case handling
- Frequent changes of contact persons
- Repeated requests for evidence
- Contesting known complaints
- Use of private detectives
- Under-substantiated low settlement offers
- Indirect communication via lawyers
Code of Conduct for Personal Injury Claims Handling (GBL)
The GBL was developed to reduce secondary victimization and provides guidelines for fair treatment by all parties.
Key Principles of the GBL
- The victim is central
- Fair and open communication
- Fast and efficient handling
- Appropriate advances
- Objective and competent assessments
Signs of Secondary Victimization
It is essential to recognize when a victim is affected again by secondary victimization.
Recognizable Indicators
| Indicator | Manifestation |
|---|---|
| Increasing tension | Fear of contact moments or correspondence |
| Skepticism | No longer trusting anything or anyone, checking everything |
| Helplessness | Feeling of having no grip on the situation |
| Re-experiencing | Repeatedly having to explain the trauma |
| Avoidance | Ignoring correspondence, avoiding appointments |
Prevention of Secondary Victimization
Both victims and professionals in Westland can take steps to prevent secondary victimization.
Advice for Victims
- Choose a reliable representative
- Leave communication to your representative
- Indicate what your boundaries are
- Seek contact with peers or service providers
- Document unprofessional behavior
Advice for Professionals
- Approach victims with understanding and respect
- Be clear about processes and deadlines
- Prevent unnecessary delays
- Request only relevant information
- Acknowledge the consequences of the injury
Complaint Options in Westland
If secondary victimization occurs, victims in Westland can file a complaint with relevant bodies.
Relevant Complaint Bodies
| Involved Party | Complaint Body |
|---|---|
| Insurer | Internal complaints procedure, Kifid |
| Opposing party's lawyer | Dean of the Bar Association |
| Medical professional | Healthcare Disciplinary Tribunal |
| Expertise organization | Complaint to NIVRE or client |
Frequently Asked Questions
What to do if my insurer handles my claim slowly or disrespectfully?
Document all interactions and unprofessional behavior. Engage a representative to manage communication. File a complaint via the insurer's internal procedure or with Kifid. The GBL obliges insurers to handle claims respectfully and promptly. For persistent issues, you may consider legal action via the District Court of The Hague.
How do I know if I am becoming a secondary victim?
Watch for signs such as increased stress during contact with involved parties, feelings of helplessness, distrust towards professionals, re-experiencing the trauma by repeating your story, or avoiding communication.
For legal support, you can contact the Juridisch Loket Westland.